This unit teaches how to stay healthy every day. It covers a good daily routine, a balanced diet, personal hygiene, rest and sleep, good habits and simple first aid.
Key points
Get up early, exercise, bathe, eat on time and go to bed on time. A regular routine keeps you fresh all day.
A balanced diet has carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, salts, fibre and water.
Eat seasonal fruits and vegetables, pulses and grains. A mixed-pulse curry is a good example of nutritious food.
Personal hygiene: bathe daily, brush teeth twice, wash hands before eating, cut nails, keep hair, eyes, ears and nose clean.
Keep your surroundings clean too.
Children need enough rest and sleep to grow and to concentrate in class.
Good habits: politeness, punctuality, sharing, keeping things in place, avoiding junk food.
First aid is the first help given to an injured person before a doctor arrives – for cuts, bruises, twists and pricks.
Important terms
Daily routine – the fixed order of our daily activities.
Balanced diet – food with all nutrients in the right amount.
Hygiene – habits that keep the body clean.
First aid – immediate help after an injury.
Key facts
Wash a small cut with clean water, apply antiseptic and cover it.
For a twist, rest the part and apply a cold pack.
Every school should have a first-aid box.
5 important questions
Q1. What is a balanced diet?
Food that gives all nutrients – carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water – in the right amount.
Q2. Why should we wash hands before eating?
To remove germs and prevent illness.
Q3. Write any three good habits.
Getting up early, brushing teeth twice a day, keeping things in their place.
Q4. What is first aid?
The first help given to an injured person before medical help arrives.
Q5. Why is sleep important?
It rests the body and mind, helps growth and keeps us fresh.
Exam tip
Write your own daily routine with times; teachers like real examples.
This unit builds basic body movements and correct posture. It covers basic movements, drill parade commands, small games and races, which make the body strong and quick.
Key points
Basic movements build strength and skills needed for all sports.
Movements done on the spot: bend, turn, twist, stretch, swing, balance.
Movements that change place: walk, run, jump, hop, skip, brisk walk, front roll.
Movements with a partner: pull, push, grab, carry.
Movements with props (ball etc.): throw, catch, kick, bounce, stop the ball.
Drill parade commands already learnt: Attention, Stand at ease, Squad halt, Slow march, Quick march, Right/Left/About turn, Salute.
New this year: walk to the right, walk to the left, two feet forward and backward, triple file.
Small games and races (e.g. relay, sack race) give fun along with fitness.
Good posture while sitting, standing and walking protects the back.
Important terms
Posture – the position in which we hold our body.
Drill – group movements done exactly on command.
Relay race – a team race where runners take turns.
Key facts
Listen to the full command before moving.
Warm up before races; run in your own lane.
Play on safe, even ground.
5 important questions
Q1. Give two movements done on the spot.
Bend and twist.
Q2. Name two drill commands.
Attention and Quick march.
Q3. Why are basic movements important?
They build strength and the skills used in every sport.
Q4. Name two movements done with a ball.
Throw and catch.
Q5. What is good posture?
Holding the body straight and balanced while sitting, standing and walking.
Exam tip
Practise the drill commands aloud; oral and practical tests often use them.
This unit develops sports skills through gymnastics, athletics, A-B-C drills, lezium, dumbbells, aerobics and human pyramids. These activities build strength, balance, rhythm and teamwork.
Key points
Gymnastics: swinging on a single bar, hanging from a rope, leapfrog, sitting and swinging on parallel bars – always under a teacher's supervision.
Athletics: running, jumping and throwing skills.
A-B-C drills: A = Agility, B = Balance, C = Coordination. They improve running, throwing and jumping.
Lezium is a traditional Maharashtrian activity done at festivals, fairs and processions. Its rhythmic moves exercise the whole body.
Dumbbells: exercises done with light dumbbells in rhythm; they strengthen arms and shoulders.
Aerobics: rhythmic movements to music – jogging, marching on the spot, knee lifts, arm circles. They raise the heart rate and improve breathing and blood circulation.
Human pyramid: students build a shape together; it needs balance, strength and trust.
Important terms
Agility – ability to change direction quickly.
Coordination – body parts working smoothly together.
Lezium – rhythmic folk exercise with a jingling instrument.
Aerobics – exercise to the beat of music.
Key facts
Do gymnastics and pyramids only with a teacher present and on a mat.
Warm up first; stop if you feel pain.
Keep a safe distance from others while using lezium or dumbbells.
5 important questions
Q1. What do A, B and C stand for in A-B-C drills?
Agility, Balance and Coordination.
Q2. On what occasions is lezium played?
At festivals, fairs, celebrations and marriage processions.
Q3. What is aerobics?
Rhythmic exercise done to the beat of music.
Q4. Give two benefits of aerobics.
It raises the heart rate and improves breathing and blood circulation.
Q5. Why should gymnastics be done under supervision?
To avoid falls and injuries.
Exam tip
Remember lezium as "traditional Maharashtrian"; it is a favourite fill-in-the-blank.
This unit teaches supplementary games and modified games. These small games give practice in the main skills of big sports like kabaddi, kho-kho, handball and table tennis, while keeping play fun.
Key points
Supplementary games are built around the key skills of a sport, so players get lots of practice.
Kabaddi skills: touching an opponent with a stretched arm, leg pull, holding the wrist, ankle or waist.
Kho-kho skills: giving 'kho' in order, zigzag running, chasing, dodging.
Handball skills: relay while dribbling, throwing, passing to teammates without dropping the ball, stopping the ball.
Table tennis skills: firm grip, correct footwork, not touching the table, rules for service.
Modified games are made by changing the ground, rules, number of players or skills of a main game.
They are useful when a proper ground, equipment or full teams are not available.
Important terms
Supplementary game – small game that practises one skill of a sport.
Modified game – a main game with changed rules, ground or players.
Dodge – escaping a chaser by quick moves.
Key facts
Play fairly and accept the referee's decision.
Wear proper shoes; avoid rough holds on the neck.
Drink water during breaks.
5 important questions
Q1. What is a modified game?
A game made by changing the ground, rules, number of players or skills of a main sport.
Q2. Name two kho-kho skills.
Giving 'kho' and zigzag running.
Q3. Why are supplementary games played?
To practise the main skills of a sport while having fun.
Q4. Name two kabaddi holds.
Wrist hold and ankle hold.
Q5. When are modified games useful?
When the proper ground, equipment or enough players are not available.
Exam tip
Learn two skills for each sport named in the unit.
This unit covers exercises that keep the body fit: warm-up, strengthening exercises, Suryanamaskar, preparation for yogasanas, obstacle races and programmes for physical and motor fitness. It also introduces different types of sports.
Key points
Warm-up prepares muscles and the heart for activity and prevents injury.
Strengthening exercises build muscle power.
Suryanamaskar is a complete exercise. Do it in the morning, in an open, airy place, on an empty stomach. It improves blood circulation and the working of the heart and lungs.
Yogasanas: yoga is an ancient science; body positions are called asanas. They make the body flexible and sturdy. Some preparatory positions are needed first.
Obstacle race improves speed and agility.
Physical health programme: e.g. spot running with high knees for heart efficiency.
Motor fitness activities develop speed, agility and other sports skills.
Types of sports: ball sports (netball), net sports (table tennis), bat/racket sports (baseball), contact sports (kho-kho, judo, taekwondo), target/shooting games (carrom).
Important terms
Warm-up – light exercise before main activity.
Asana – a yoga body position.
Motor fitness – speed, agility, balance and coordination.
Key facts
Never skip the warm-up.
Do Suryanamaskar and asanas on an empty stomach.
Breathe normally; do not force a position.
5 important questions
Q1. When and where should Suryanamaskar be done?
In the morning, in an open, airy place, on an empty stomach.
Q2. What is an asana?
A body position in yoga.
Q3. Why is warm-up necessary?
It prepares the body for exercise and prevents injury.
Q4. Give one example each of a net sport and a contact sport.
Table tennis; judo.
Q5. Write two benefits of Suryanamaskar.
Better blood circulation; better efficiency of heart and lungs.
Exam tip
Learn the rules for Suryanamaskar (time, place, empty stomach); they are asked every year.
The compulsory activities of Work Experience teach useful life skills. They are of three kinds: need-based activities (culture and the world of work, water literacy, disaster management), activities of interest (newspaper hat, tassels and hangings) and skill-based activities (paper lantern, greeting cards).
Key points
World of work: know the people and occupations around you; respect every kind of work.
Waste management: separate dry and wet waste; reuse and recycle to keep surroundings clean.
Volunteering: help at local festivals and functions – arranging, cleaning, guiding guests.
Water literacy: measure water used at home; rainfall is measured with a rain gauge (height of water collected); learn ways of carrying water and avoid wasting it.
Disaster management: natural disasters include storms, cyclones, floods, earthquakes, forest fires, tsunamis and epidemics. Planning ahead reduces loss of life and property.
Activities of interest: fold a hat from old newspaper; make tassels from thread or wool and string them with beads into a decorative hanging.
Skill-based activities: fold paper into a lantern; make greeting cards with straw, leaves and flowers.
Important terms
Rain gauge – instrument that measures rainfall.
Disaster – sudden event that causes great harm to life and property.
Recycle – turning used material into something new.
Key facts
Use scissors and needles carefully; keep sharp tools away after use.
Use waste material wherever possible.
In an earthquake: drop, cover under a table, and hold on.
5 important questions
Q1. Which instrument measures rainfall?
The rain gauge.
Q2. Name any three natural disasters.
Flood, earthquake, cyclone.
Q3. How can we manage waste at home?
Separate dry and wet waste, reuse items and send waste for recycling or composting.
Q4. What material is used to make tassels?
Thread or woollen yarn, wound on cardboard and tied.
Q5. Why should we respect all occupations?
Every job serves society, and all workers depend on one another.
Exam tip
Explain one activity you made in class step by step; practical answers score well.
Optional activities let students explore real fields of work. Productive fields include agriculture-related work, cloth and craft work, and clay, bamboo and plant work. Other areas include animal husbandry, dairy and poultry, which can add to a farmer's income.
Key points
Kitchen gardening: grow vegetables and herbs at home in a small plot or pots.
Simple farming: crops are of types – cereals (wheat, rice, jowar), pulses (tur, moong), oilseeds (groundnut, soybean) and cash crops (cotton, sugarcane).
Fruit processing: making jam, squash or pickles so fruits last longer.
Pisciculture means fish farming.
Cloth work: how cloth is produced, basic tailoring (stitches, buttons), doll making, coir work from coconut fibre.
Clay modelling, bamboo and cane work, and growing flowering and ornamental plants.
Animal husbandry and poultry are complementary occupations to farming.
Milk is called a complete food; it is easily digested and rich in salts. Milk products: curd, buttermilk, lassi, ghee, chakka, shrikhand.
Important terms
Pisciculture – fish farming.
Cash crop – crop grown mainly for sale, e.g. cotton.
Complementary occupation – work done along with farming to raise income.
Coir – fibre from coconut husk.
Key facts
Wash hands and utensils before food processing.
Handle animals gently and keep their sheds clean.
Use tools like sickles and needles only with care.
5 important questions
Q1. What is pisciculture?
Fish farming.
Q2. Give one example each of a cereal and an oilseed.
Wheat; groundnut.
Q3. Why is milk called a complete food?
It is easily digested, rich in salts and gives balanced nourishment, especially to small children.
Q4. Name three milk products.
Curd, ghee, shrikhand.
Q5. What is a kitchen garden?
A small garden at home for growing vegetables and herbs.
Sculpture is three-dimensional art – it has length, breadth and height. This unit covers clay modelling, paper modelling (paper articles, decorating a pen stand) and making models from other materials such as paper glasses.
Key points
A sculpture can be seen from all sides, unlike a flat picture.
Clay modelling: knead clay well, shape it into fruits, animals or pots, let it dry, then colour it.
Paper modelling: fold, cut and paste paper to make articles like boxes or animals.
Decorate three-dimensional objects such as a pen stand with paper and colours.
Other media: waste items like paper glasses, bottles and cardboard can become models.
Reusing waste in art also protects the environment.
Important terms
Three-dimensional (3D) – having length, breadth and height.
Kneading – pressing clay to make it smooth and soft.
Medium – material used to make art.
Key facts
Wash hands after clay work.
Use scissors and cutters only with care.
Let clay models dry in the shade so they do not crack.
5 important questions
Q1. How is sculpture different from a picture?
A sculpture is three-dimensional and can be seen from all sides; a picture is flat.
Q2. Why is clay kneaded?
To make it soft and smooth for shaping.
Q3. Name two waste items that can be used for models.
Paper glasses and cardboard.
Q4. What is paper modelling?
Making 3D articles by folding, cutting and pasting paper.
Q5. How should clay models be dried?
In the shade, slowly, so they do not crack.
Exam tip
Describe the steps of one model you made; examiners value the process.
This unit continues the practice of swaralankar (note patterns) and introduces the basic ideas of a raga – jati, thaat, vadi, samvadi and pakad – using Raga Bhoop as the example.
Key points
The seven swaras: Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni.
Swaralankar: practising notes in patterns, going up (Sa re ga ma pa dha ni sa) and coming down (Sa ni dha pa ma ga re sa).
Raga: a set arrangement of swaras that pleases the mind. It has an ascending order (aaroha) and a descending order (avaroha).
Jati depends on the number of swaras: Odav – 5, Shadav – 6, Sampurna – 7.
Thaat: a group of seven swaras from which ragas are formed.
Vadi: the main swara of a raga; Samvadi: the next most important swara.
Pakad (mukhyanga): a short phrase that identifies the raga.
Saragam geet and lakshan geet are sung to learn a raga.
Important terms
Aaroha / Avaroha – rising / falling order of notes.
Varjya swara – a note left out in a raga.
Pakad – the identifying phrase of a raga.
Key facts
Raga Bhoop
Thaat
Kalyan
Jati
Odav–Odav
Varjya swaras
Ma and Ni
Vadi
Ga
Samvadi
Dha
5 important questions
Q1. What is a raga?
A set arrangement of swaras, with aaroha and avaroha, that pleases the mind.
Q2. How many swaras are there in Odav jati?
Five.
Q3. What is vadi swara?
The most important swara of a raga.
Q4. Which swaras are left out in Raga Bhoop?
Ma and Ni.
Q5. What is pakad?
A short group of notes often sung in a raga, by which it is recognised.
Exam tip
Learn the Raga Bhoop table by heart; it is the most asked part of this unit.
This unit introduces musical instruments. Last year students met percussion instruments; now they learn about wind instruments (sushir vadya) such as the flute and harmonium, and about instruments used for background music.
Key points
Indian instruments are grouped by how they make sound.
Avanaddha (percussion) instruments – sound by striking a stretched skin: tabla, duff, khanjiri (tambourine), mridang.
Drama is a popular art form in which a person performs the life and events of real, historical, mythical or imaginary characters. This unit explains the parts of a drama and the difference between visual and audio drama.
Key points
The person who plays a character in a drama is an artist (actor).
A drama includes script, dialogues, acting, songs and dance.
To perform it, we need a stage, costumes, make-up and backstage work.
Drama is both visual (seen) and audio (heard).
Visual drama: acting through gestures and body movements, e.g. plays in auditoriums or on television.
Audio drama: stress on clear reading, dialogue delivery and correct pronunciation, e.g. radio plays.
Good drama needs memorising lines, correct pronunciation, effective and natural acting.
Drama is flexible in age, time, make-up, costume and stage set.
Important terms
Script – the written text of a drama.
Dialogue – words spoken by characters.
Backstage – work done behind the stage (lights, sets, costumes).
Key facts
Speak loudly and clearly so the audience hears you.
Practise together; teamwork makes a play succeed.
Move carefully on stage and around props.
5 important questions
Q1. What is drama?
An art form in which a person performs the life and events of real or imaginary characters.
Q2. Name four parts of a drama.
Script, dialogues, acting and songs.
Q3. Give one example each of visual and audio drama.
A play on television; a radio play.
Q4. What matters most in an audio drama?
Clear reading, dialogue delivery and correct pronunciation.
Q5. What things are needed to stage a drama?
A stage, costumes, make-up and backstage support.
Exam tip
Explain visual vs audio drama with one example each; it is a common short question.